Many creditors breathe a sigh of relief once they obtain a judgment from a court. But what happens if the debtor doesn’t pay right away—or even for years? Is there a deadline for enforcing your judgment?
The answer is yes. Judgments don’t last forever, but they can often be renewed. If you don’t understand the time limits and renewal rules in your state, you could lose your legal right to collect. In this article, we’ll explore how long a judgment lasts, how to extend it, and why acting before the clock runs out is so important.
Judgments Have a Shelf Life
Every state has a statute of limitations that governs how long a judgment remains enforceable. This period is typically counted from the date the judgment was entered by the court. Once it expires, the judgment becomes unenforceable unless it has been renewed or revived according to state law.
Common Judgment Lifespans by State:
- California: 10 years (renewable)
- New York: 20 years
- Texas: 10 years (renewable)
- Florida: 20 years, but liens based on a judgment last 10 years unless renewed
- Illinois: 7 years (can be revived)
Always check your specific state’s laws—or consult an attorney—because procedures and timeframes vary widely.
What Happens When a Judgment Expires?
If you don’t renew or enforce a judgment within the allowed time:
- You lose your legal right to use enforcement tools like garnishment, levies, or liens.
- You can’t collect any more money—even if the debtor becomes financially solvent.
- Any existing liens may become invalid or unenforceable.
- Courts will generally refuse to assist with further collection actions.
This is why it’s so important to understand and track your enforcement deadlines.
How to Renew a Judgment
Fortunately, many states allow you to renew or extend a judgment before it expires. This process typically involves filing a request or affidavit with the court showing that the judgment remains unpaid.
Common Steps for Renewal:
- File a renewal request (also called a “renewal of judgment,” “affidavit of renewal,” or “motion to revive judgment”) before the expiration date.
- Serve notice to the debtor, depending on the jurisdiction.
- Receive court approval or confirmation of the renewal.
Once renewed, the judgment may be enforceable for another full term (often another 5–10 years). Some states allow unlimited renewals; others limit how many times a judgment can be renewed.
Example:
In California, a judgment is valid for 10 years. If you file a renewal before the 10-year mark, you get another 10 years to enforce it. You can continue renewing every 10 years as long as you do so before the previous one expires.
When Should You Renew?
Don’t wait until the last minute. Courts often recommend beginning the renewal process 6–12 months before expiration to allow time for:
- Filing delays
- Service of notice on the debtor
- Potential objections or hearings
If you miss the renewal window, the judgment may lapse permanently, and you’ll be left with no further legal options.
Does Interest Continue to Accrue?
Yes. In most states, interest continues to accrue on unpaid judgments—even if no active collection is underway. The interest rate is set by state law and varies significantly.
For example:
- California: 10% per year
- Texas: Varies based on federal rate, capped at 18%
- New York: 9% per year
That means the longer the judgment goes unpaid, the larger it grows. This can work in your favor—but only if the judgment remains enforceable.
Does Renewal Restart the Judgment from Zero?
No. Renewing a judgment doesn’t erase the original debt—it simply extends the enforceability period. The total amount due continues to include:
- The original principal
- Accrued interest
- Court costs and any allowable attorney fees
In some states, a renewed judgment becomes a new judgment on the court record, while others simply extend the duration of the existing one.
What About Liens Based on a Judgment?
If you recorded a lien against the debtor’s real property, that lien may have its own expiration timeline, separate from the judgment itself. For example:
- In Florida, a judgment lasts 20 years, but a lien created from it lasts 10 years.
- In California, a judgment lien on real estate lasts 10 years, but must be re-recorded if you renew the judgment.
Failing to renew both the judgment and the lien can jeopardize your ability to collect from property sales or refinances.
Final Thoughts
Winning a judgment is a key step in collecting a debt—but it’s not the end of the story. Judgments expire, and if you don’t act in time, your legal right to enforce it may vanish.
Know your deadlines. Track expiration dates carefully. And take timely action to renew your judgment if it remains unpaid. Don’t let time run out on your ability to collect what you’re owed.
If you’re unsure about the status of a judgment or how to renew it, consulting with a judgment collection attorney can help ensure you don’t miss your opportunity for recovery. We recommend Judgement Collection Attorney.